Abstract: This study aims to provide guidance for ecological restoration in arid and semi-arid mining areas. Taking the Guojiawan mining area in Fugu County, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, as the research subject, the soil physicochemical properties were systematically analyzed under six typical vegetation configurations, including monocultures of Medicago sativa, Caragana korshinskii, Platycladus orientalis, the mixture of M. sativa and Fagopyrum esculentum, the mixture of C. korshinskii and F. esculentum, and the mixture of M. sativa, C. korshinskii and P. orientalis. Using a comprehensive Soil Quality Index (SQI) evaluation system, the improvement effects of different vegetation configurations on soil quality in the mining area were assessed. The research indicate that M. sativa cultivation significantly increased soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content, while P. orientalis was more conducive to soil organic matter accumulation. Compared with monocultures, mixed planting patterns demonstrated superior soil improvement effects. Specifically, the mixed planting of M. sativa and F. esculentum increased the content of available phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen in the soil, while the composite community of P. orientalis, C. korshinskii, and M. sativa showed a particularly prominent effect on enhancing soil organic matter. The SQI-based evaluation also indicated that mixed planting plots had higher soil quality indices, whereas C. korshinskii monoculture exhibited the poorest improvement effect (with an SQI of approximately 0.3) and is not suitable for large-scale application. This study provides practical and theoretical guidance for the implementation and effectiveness evaluation of ecological restoration measures in mining areas.