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    岩质高陡边坡生态复垦的三个窗口期:基于时序匹配的过程管控与生态重构

    Three windows for ecological reclamation of high and steep rocky slopes: process control and ecological reconstruction based on temporal matching

    • 摘要: 岩质高陡边坡连续土层缺失,坡面蓄水、纳土与容根能力受岩体裂隙、结构面和人工粗糙度控制,工程中易出现开挖设计与生态修复、短期复绿与长期稳定、竣工验收与群落演替之间的时序错配。基于矿山生态修复、岩质边坡土壤重构和长期监测研究,本文提出地质结构重塑、基质构建与物种配置、群落演替调控三个连续窗口期,并结合陕西渭南金堆城钼矿试验段开展过程评价。案例采用施工前-喷播后1个月-首个雨季后-施工1年后的纵向自对照,并以同一工程现场常规治理和未完全恢复坡面的照片作为工程背景参照。1年后试验段植被盖度为74%,径流区产沙量较施工前降低71.2%,表层样品有机质增至12.1 g·kg-1,灌木成活率为69%。上述指标初步显示微地形、基质保持与先锋群落建植之间具有过程联系,但由于缺少同期定量对照和后续3-5年群落演替数据,尚不能据此证明该方案已形成自维持群落。三个窗口期可作为岩质高陡边坡设计-施工-管护-监测的时序诊断框架,并应依据气候区和软硬岩差异进行现场校正。

       

      Abstract: High and steep rocky slopes lack continuous soil layers, and their capacities to retain water, substrate and root space are controlled by fractures, structural planes and artificial roughness. This often causes temporal mismatches between excavation and ecological restoration, short-term greening and long-term stability, and completion acceptance and community succession. Based on studies of mine ecological restoration, soil reconstruction on rocky slopes and long-term monitoring, three consecutive windows are proposed: geological-structure reshaping, substrate construction and species configuration, and community-succession regulation. A test section at the Jinduicheng Molybdenum Mine was evaluated by longitudinal comparison before construction, one month after hydroseeding, after the first rainy season and one year after construction; field photographs of conventionally treated or incompletely restored slopes were used only as engineering-background references. After one year, vegetation cover reached 74%, sediment yield decreased by 71.2% relative to the pre-construction value, Surface sample organic matter increased to 12.1 g·kg-1 and shrub survival was 69%. The preliminary indicators suggest a process connection between microtopography, matrix retention, and the establishment of pioneer communities, but due to the lack of concurrent quantitative controls and subsequent 3-5 year community succession data, it cannot yet be concluded that this scheme has formed a self-maintaining community.The three-window framework is therefore positioned as a temporal diagnostic tool for design, construction, maintenance and monitoring, subject to site-specific adjustment for climate and rock type.

       

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