Abstract: Loess plateau is a typical fragile area of the geological environment in China, which breeds a large number of geological disasters, especially the collapse and landslide disasters are the most prominent, causing a lot of casualties and property losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the mechanism of geological disasters occurring in largescale areas. In this paper, based on the study area of northern Shaanxi Province, by collecting the relevant data of landslides and collapses occurring in the area, the formation mechanism and disaster-generating model are analyzed and summarized,thus providing a reference and important scientific basis for disaster prevention and reduction in the region.